Squaring is a lossy process. That is, when a number is squared the root is lost. The search for roots is further complicated because many whole numbers have irrational roots.
Even intuition is misleading, take a guess that the square root of 4 might be half (and you’d be right), but geometric growth would indicate that this is not the case as the root rapidly becomes a smaller and smaller portion of the square.
But Newton. He provides a method to make a guess and increase it by some small delta. His method, given a guess z looks like this:
Turning around and feeding z back into the expression iteratively yields an answer which tends closer and closer to the root.
Mind boggling basic calculus.